Title:Fat-soluble vitamins: mechanisms and metabolism. A narrative review

Author:Reza Nemati, Christopher J McEntyre, Bobby V Li, Ian Phillips and Christiaan W Sies

Abstract:Vitamins A, D, E and K are fat-soluble vitamins that play a crucial role in the metabolism and homeostasis in the human body. Differences in methods used to measure vitamins can lead to variations between laboratories, making it difficult to establish universally agreed reference intervals. Using robust and reliable harmonised methods helps clinicians and Healthcare Scientists to improve the diagnosis and monitoring of vitamin deficiencies and toxicity. Immunoassay and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) methods have been traditionally used to measure vitamins. However, liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) is increasingly utilised for its improved selectivity and accuracy when using isotopic internal standards. In this review, we will summarise analytical and clinical aspects of fat-soluble vitamins.
Keywords: Fat-soluble vitamins, HPLC, LC-MS/MS, Retinol, Tocopherol, Cholecalciferol, Phylloquinone.
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