Title:The role of neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin and IL-1β in early prediction of renal dysfunction in patients with familial Mediterranean fever

Author:Hala T. El-Bassyouni, Wafaa G. Shousha, Fateheya M. Metwally, Khaled Hamed, Randa S. Lotfy, Zeinab H. Korany, Shimaa S. Ramadan

Abstract:Background: Familial Mediterranean fever (FMF) is a monogenic, autosomal recessive autoinflammatory disease. Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL) is considered as a good marker of kidney disorders. In addition, Interleukin-1β (IL-1β) is the major cytokine involved in both FMF pathogenesis and inflammatory appearance. The study aimed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic roles of NGAL and IL-1β in FMF patients and elucidate their roles in the early prediction of kidney dysfunction.
Methods: The study included 56 FMF patients who were chosen based on clinical criteria as well as 58 healthy age and sex-matched controls. Serum IL-1β and lipocalin-2 (NGAL) were quantitatively determined using solid-phase enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Furthermore, the levels of urea, creatinine, C-reactive protein (CRP), erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), white blood cell count (WBC) and haemoglobin were determined.
Results: NGAL and IL-1β levels were significantly increased in FMF patients compared to the healthy controls (p=0.003 and p=0.001 respectively). NGAL significantly correlated with eGFR (p=0.046). Besides, IL-1β significantly correlated with the severity of the disease (p=0.003). This study indicated that NGAL and IL-1β could be good diagnostic biomarkers for FMF disease (AUC =0.740 and 0.781 respectively). Moreover, the current study delineated that serum IL-1β significantly correlated with serum lipocalin-2 (NGAL) (p < 0.000).
Conclusion: The current study highlighted the role of serum NGAL and IL-1β in the diagnosis of FMF, progression of the disease and early prediction of renal dysfunction in FMF patients.
Keywords: Familial Mediterranean fever, Lipocalin-2 (NGAL), IL-1β, renal dysfunction
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